By Dr Than Lwin Tun
International Literacy Day, observed on 8 September each year, stands as a global reminder of the transformative power of literacy established by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in around 1966. This day is not only a celebration of the achievements in literacy worldwide but also a call to action for addressing ongoing challenges. The significance of International Literacy Day, its history, the progress made in global literacy, and the continued efforts needed to overcome barriers to education. “Literacy is not just about educating; it is a unique and powerful tool to eradicate poverty and a strong means for social and human progress.”
The Significance of International Literacy Day
Since 1967, the annual celebrations of International Literacy Day (ILD) have taken place on 8 September around the world to remind policy-makers, practitioners, and the public of the critical importance of literacy for creating a more literate, just, peaceful, and sustainable society.
Literacy is a fundamental human right for all. It opens the door to the enjoyment of other human rights, greater freedoms, and global citizenship. Literacy is a foundation for people to acquire broader knowledge, skills, values, attitudes, and behaviours to foster a culture of lasting peace based on respect for equality and non-discrimination, the rule of law, solidarity, justice, diversity, and tolerance, and to build harmonious relations with oneself, other people and the planet.
The inception of International Literacy Day was a pivotal moment in the global recognition of literacy as a fundamental human right. The international community is committed to promoting literacy as a key element of development and personal empowerment. The 8 September was chosen to honour this commitment, marking a day dedicated to raising awareness about the importance of literacy and mobilizing efforts to improve it worldwide.
Literacy, defined as the ability to read and write, is a foundational skill that supports many aspects of individual and societal development. It is not merely about reading books or writing essays; it is about empowering individuals to participate fully in society, make informed decisions, and contribute to their communities. Literacy opens doors to opportunities, whether in education, employment, or personal growth and is essential for the functioning of democracies and economies.
Celebrations in 2024
This year, ILD will be celebrated under the theme of “Promoting multilingual education: Literacy for mutual understanding and peace”. There is a pressing need to harness the transformative potential of literacy for promoting mutual understanding, social cohesion, and peace. In today’s world, in which multilingualism is a common practice for many, empowering people by adopting a first language-based, multilingual approach to literacy development and education is particularly effective for its cognitive, pedagogical, and socioeconomic benefits. Such an approach can help promote mutual understanding and respect while solidifying communal identities and collective histories.
ILD 2024 will unpack issues related to literacy in multilingual contexts for achieving lasting peace and will explore possible solutions for enhancing policies, lifelong learning systems, governance, programs, and practices. ILD 2024 will be celebrated in-person and online at the global, regional, national, and local levels.
Progress in Global Literacy
Since the establishment of International Literacy Day, significant strides have been made in improving literacy rates across the globe. According to UNESCO, the global literacy rate for adults aged 15 and above reached approximately 87 per cent by 2023. This progress reflects decades of effort in expanding educational access, improving teaching methodologies, and fostering inclusive learning environments.
In particular, efforts to promote literacy among marginalized groups, including women, children, and individuals in rural or conflict-affected areas, have yielded positive results. Initiatives such as adult education programs, community literacy centres, and digital literacy campaigns have played a crucial role in enhancing access to learning opportunities. Additionally, the integration of technology into education has facilitated new methods of learning and provided resources to previously underserved populations.
Ongoing Challenges and the Need for Continued Efforts
Despite the progress achieved, numerous challenges remain in the quest to ensure universal literacy. One of the most pressing issues is the disparity in literacy rates between different regions and demographic groups. Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, for instance, continue to experience lower literacy rates compared to other parts of the world. Gender disparities are also prevalent, with women and girls in certain areas facing significant barriers to accessing education.
Other challenges include the impact of conflict and displacement, which disrupt educational systems and hinder literacy efforts. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated existing inequalities, with school closures and economic hardships affecting millions of learners worldwide.
Addressing these challenges requires a multifaceted approach. Governments, non-governmental organizations, and international agencies must collaborate to create inclusive and equitable educational systems. That involves investing in teacher training, developing culturally relevant curricula, and leveraging technology to reach remote and underserved communities. Additionally, promoting literacy should be an integral part of broader development strategies, including efforts to alleviate poverty and improve health outcomes.
Conclusion
International Literacy Day serves as a powerful reminder of the importance of literacy in fostering individual empowerment and societal progress. While significant achievements have been made in increasing literacy rates globally, ongoing challenges highlight the need for continued commitment and action. By addressing these challenges and supporting inclusive education initiatives, the global community can work towards a future where literacy is a reality for all, concrete the way for a more informed, equitable, and prosperous world.
References
– https://www.unesco.org/en/days/literacy
– https://www.twinkl.com.mm/event/international-literacy-day-2024